In this excerpt from her book Kay Milton argues for an increased participation of anthropologists in environmentalism and for multidisciplinary cooperation. She wants to dispel the myth of “primitive wisdom”, that there are indigenous human societies which are naturally inclined to live sustainably. This is an attractive view to many, especially as a response to the opposing view that some cultures are more ‘modern’ than others. Anthropological research is useful here, not in pointing to the “right” kinds of societies, but in understanding the wide range of societies which exist. Cultures differ both in how they act and also how they relate to the environment and world at large. A better understanding of these can help environmentalists be more effective.
As well as differences ethnographic research can show the common grounds between people who on the surface may be very different. In this way it is possible to unite disparate groups under common causes.
Milton’s call is an important one. It can be hard for activists in the West to step out of our society and take a more nuanced view of the world. It is important to always be mindful of the fact that there is no inherent sustainable culture, an easy trap to fall into; opposing industrialized agricultural practices does not necessarily mean supporting every alternate practice. As well cooperation across disciplines can lead to more effective actions. The wide breadth of ethnographic research can help guide the range of what is possible and what solutions to problems can look like.
- Milton, Kay. “Cultural Theory and Environmentalism” From Kay Milton, Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse